Pioneering Theories in Nursing by Austyn Snowden & Allan Donnell & Tim Duffy

Author:Austyn Snowden & Allan Donnell & Tim Duffy
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Innovation, Theory, Theorist, Philosophy, History, Philosophy of nursing, History of nursing, Nightingale, Models, Ontology, Epistemology, Holism, Wholism, Theory-practice, Pioneer, Thinkers, Concept, Construction, Interpretation
ISBN: 9781856424806
Publisher: Andrews UK Limited 2014
Published: 2014-09-03T00:00:00+00:00

1934

Master’s degree

1945

Began midwifery training at School for Midwives, Maternity Center Association, New York

1952

Director of Graduate Programmes at Yale University School of Nursing, Connecticut

1958

Family-centered maternity nursing published

1966

Retired

Biography

Ernestine Wiedenbach was born in 1900 and is a notable figure in the early development of nursing theory in the USA. She was one of the early nurse theorists who removed nursing from the medical model by placing the patient at the centre of the decision making process.

Born into an affluent German family in 1900, Ernestine’s family emigrated to America when she was a young child (Eichelberger, 2009). Ernestine’s interest in nursing began whilst being involved in the care given to her grandmother by a private duty nurse and this interest was further cultivated when listening to the experiences of hospital life related by her sister’s boyfriend who was a young intern. Therefore, after completing a degree in the liberal arts at Wellesley College in 1922, she enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing, much to the dismay of her parents.

Initially Ernestine was thwarted in her desire to be a nurse by a disagreement with the school’s administration (Nickel et al., 1992). As the student representative, Ernestine was expelled for voicing student grievances. Adelaide Nutting, a Johns Hopkins alumna, intervened, however, and contacted Elsie Lawler, the Director of the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, who allowed Ernestine to continue her nursing studies at that school on the condition that under no circumstances was she to organise or encourage dissent amongst the nursing students. Ernestine complied.

On completion of her nursing studies, on the strength of her Bachelor’s Degree, Ernestine was offered a supervisor’s role at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Later, on moving to Bellevue Hospital in New York, Ernestine continued her studies at night school obtaining a Master’s Degree and a Certificate in Public Health Nursing in 1934. She then moved out of the hospital setting to work with public health nurses in the Association for Improving Conditions of the Poor at the Henry Street Settlement.

Subsequently, Ernestine left clinical nursing altogether to work as a professional writer with the Nursing Information Bureau for the American Journal of Nursing. Here she made many important professional contacts whilst developing her writing skills. After the bombing of Pearl Harbour during the Second World War, Ernestine worked with the Nursing Information Bureau to prepare nurses entering the war. She was unable to join them overseas due to a minor cardiac condition.

After the war, Ernestine was persuaded to return to direct patient care by Hazel Corbin, director of the Maternity Center Association of New York. Ernestine enrolled as a student midwife at the School for Midwives. She was 45 years old. After graduating, Ernestine practised as a nurse-midwife at the Maternity Centre Association, as well as developing an academic career by teaching advanced maternity nursing at evening classes. In addition she wrote several articles for professional journals and was an active member of professional nursing organisations.

In 1952, Ernestine was appointed as Director of Graduate Programs at Yale University School of Nursing in Connecticut, developing maternal-newborn health nursing programmes.

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